> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://documentation.specollective.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://documentation.specollective.org/knowledge-base/formal-sciences/mathematics.md).

# Mathematics

Mathematics is the study of numbers, formulas, structures, shapes and spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. The subject matter of mathematics include arithmetic, algebra, number theory, geometry, calculus, and analysis.

**Books**

* [OpenStax Mathematics Textbooks](https://openstax.org/subjects/math)
* [American Institute of Mathematics Open Textbook Initiative](https://aimath.org/textbooks/)

**Courses**

* [Khan Academy Mathematics Courses](https://www.khanacademy.org/math)